Who are the relevant players during a Showdown in a 4 player FFA, and can players other than the attacker and defender play actions and reactions?

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In a 4-player FFA Showdown all four players are "relevant" to the Showdown. One player is the Attacker (the player who applied Contested), one is the Defender (the player who did not), and the remaining players are the other (non-Defender) players. Non-attacker and non-defender players can and do participate: they may place Triggered Abilities on the Combat Chain when Combat opens and may play spells or activate abilities when they have Focus during the Showdown per the normal Showdown timing rules.

All four players are relevant. The Attacker is the player who applied Contested and gains Focus as the Showdown begins [345] [459.2.b.1.a]. When a Combat opens the Attacker places triggered abilities on the Chain first, then the other non-Defender players in Turn Order, then the Defender [459.2.d.1]. Any player who has Focus may play legally timed cards or activate abilities during the Showdown [347] [347.2]. Focus passes around in Turn Order if players pass [347.4], so players other than the Attacker or Defender can play actions and reactions whenever they obtain Focus or when adding triggered abilities to the Chain as described above [459.2.d.1].

A Showdown opens and the player who applied Contested becomes the Attacker and gains Focus as the Showdown begins [345] [459.2.b.1.a]. If Combat opens, add Triggered Abilities to the Combat Chain in this order: the Attacker first, then the other non-Defender players in Turn Order, then the Defender [459.2.d.1]. After triggered abilities are placed, players proceed to play on the Chain as normal. Any player who has Focus may play a legally timed card or activate a legally timed ability [347]. If a player passes while holding Focus, Focus passes to the next player in Turn Order; if every player passes once in sequence without playing or activating anything, the Showdown closes [347.3.a] [347.4] [348].

If a Combat Chain is created during the Combat Showdown opening, the State Closes for the purposes of Chain resolution but Focus does not pass upon closure of the Combat Chain if any [459.2.e] [459.2.g]. The rules text establishes that "non-Defender players" are allowed to place triggered abilities during Chain creation, which in a 4-player FFA means the two players who are neither the Attacker nor the Defender will get a chance to place triggered abilities in Turn Order between the Attacker and the Defender [459.2.d.1].

Who is relevant: Every player in the game is "relevant" to the Showdown; specific roles are assigned for the Combat Showdown. The player who applied the Contested status becomes the Attacker and gains Focus as the Showdown begins [345] [459.2.b.1.a]. The player who did not apply Contested becomes the Defender [459.2.b.2]. The remaining players are neither Attacker nor Defender (often referred to in the rule as the non-Defender players).

Can other players act: Yes. When Combat opens the addition of Triggered Abilities to the Combat Chain is ordered as: Attacker first, then all non-Defender players in Turn Order, then the Defender [459.2.d.1]. That explicitly gives non-defender players an opportunity to put triggered abilities onto the Chain. More generally, during any Showdown the player who currently has Focus may play legally timed cards or activate legally timed abilities [347.1] [347.2]. The Attacker gains initial Focus when the Showdown begins [345] [459.2.c.2], but if the player with Focus passes then Focus passes to the next player in Turn Order [347.4], so other players (including those who are neither Attacker nor Defender) will receive Focus and can then play actions or reactions while they hold it [347]. If all players pass in sequence without anyone playing or activating anything, the Showdown closes [347.3.a] [348].

Therefore, in a 4-player FFA: the Attacker is first to act (and gains Focus), the two other players (neither Attacker nor Defender) have opportunities to place triggered abilities during Combat chain construction and can act when they obtain Focus, and the Defender acts last in the triggered-ability placement sequence [459.2.d.1]. This all follows the normal Showdown timing rules governing Focus, playing legally timed cards, activating abilities, and passing [347] [459.2.d.1] [348].